DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ( TUGAS 3)

Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
I.         Statement (pernyataan)
II.      Command (perintah)
III.   Question (pertanyaan)
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
 To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct                                       Indirect
Am/is/are                    -             was/were
Shall/will                     -             should/would
Can                             -             could
May                            -             might
Must                          
Have/has to                 -             had to
Ought to

 Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct                                       Indirect
now                                 -           then
tomorrow                         -           the following day
next week                        -           the following week
tonight                             -           that night
today                               -           that day
yesterday                         -           the day before
last night                          -           the night before
last week                         -           the week before,
                                                    the precious week
here                                  -           there
this                                   -           that
these                                -           those

I.         STATEMENT
Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :

He said
He said to me                    that + reported words
He told me
 - Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.

-   Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
-   Father said that he was going out of town the following day.

Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.
-   Mary says “I have seen that film”
-   Mary says that she has seen that film.

-   My brother says “I met Tom at the party last night”
-   My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night.

 II.      COMMAND
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
1.      Positive Command
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah : to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
 - He asked me “Open your book”
- He asked me to open my book.

-  Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”
-  Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
  
-  The teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking”
-  The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking.
2.      Negative Command
Dalam  perintah negatif kita tambahkan not  to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
 - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
- Mary told John not to wait for her.

-  Ira asked Tom “Don’t come to my house again”
-  Ira asked tom not to come to her house again.

 III.   QUESTION
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
 Positive Form
 He asked me       where
                 When etc.  
 - The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man asked me where I lived.
  
-  I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
-  I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
  
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.

 - The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near  here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
  
-  Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
-  Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.

-  We asked them : “Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?”
-  We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night. 
Note :    Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian


Komentar

Postingan populer dari blog ini

LIQUID FOUNDATION FOCALLURE #WARMIVORY03

Pernikahan di kala PANDEMI COVID-19 - 20 September 2020 INTIMATE WEDDING

MOTIVASI DALAM PERILAKU KONSUMEN