DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ( TUGAS 3)
Direct Speech (Kalimat
Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
Indirect Speech (Kalimat
Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi
pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan
bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak
langsung.
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu
:
I. Statement
(pernyataan)
II. Command
(perintah)
III. Question
(pertanyaan)
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect
Speech :
To be &
Auxiliary Verbs
Direct Indirect
Am/is/are - was/were
Shall/will - should/would
Can - could
May - might
Must
Have/has
to - had
to
Ought to
Time &
Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct Indirect
now - then
tomorrow - the
following day
next
week - the
following week
tonight - that
night
today - that
day
yesterday - the
day before
last
night - the
night before
last
week - the
week before,
the
precious week
here - there
this - that
these - those
I. STATEMENT
Dalam Indirect Statement kita
menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat
pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words).
Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :
He said
He said to
me that + reported words
He told me
- Mary
told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary told
her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
- Father
said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
- Father
said that he was going out of town the following day.
Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present
Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.
- Mary
says “I have seen that film”
- Mary
says that she has seen that film.
- My
brother says “I met Tom at the party last night”
- My
brother says that he met Tom at the party last night.
II. COMMAND
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
1. Positive Command
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan
kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah
yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah : to +
infinitive
He asked me
He told me
- He
asked me “Open your book”
- He asked
me to open my book.
- Mary
told me “Stop talking to Jane”
- Mary
told me to stop talking to Jane.
- The
teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking”
- The
teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking.
2. Negative Command
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di
depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
- Mary
told John “Don’t wait for me”
- Mary told
John not to wait for her.
- Ira
asked Tom “Don’t come to my house again”
- Ira
asked tom not to come to her house again.
III. QUESTION
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct
question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What,
Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung
dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk
positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
Positive Form
He asked me where
When
etc.
- The
man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man
asked me where I lived.
- I
asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
- I
asked him when he had got back from his trip.
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan
kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No
Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika,
apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang
dilaporkan.
- The
boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
- The boy
asked John if Mary lived near there.
- Mary
asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary
asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.
- We
asked them : “Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?”
- We
asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night.
Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat
digunakan bergantian
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